Another famous criticism of the ontological argument comes from Kant. In the Critique of Pure Reason, Kant objects to the argument on the grounds that it requires that existence function as a predicate or attribute for a subject—in this case, God.19 That is, in Anselm’s first argument, one of the Perfect Being’s perfections is existence, which functions as a predicate or property of God. This is found in premise 4: If God exists merely in the understanding (as in existing only in the mind of the